Laporan Praktikum WEB 10
Dalam praktikum ini, kita akan membuat sistem akademik sederhana dengan relationship:
• Student belongs to Major (Many-to-One)
• Student belongs to many Subject through pivot table (Many-to-Many)
• Major has many Student (One-to-Many)
• Subject belongs to many Student through pivot table (Many-to-Many)
Untuk detailnya, berikut adalah ERD untuk database yang akan kita implementasikan pada project:
ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)
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1. Membuat Migration
A. Migration untuk tabel majors
Buat migrasi database dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:migration create_majors_tableKemudian tambahkan kode berikut di function up():
Schema::create('majors', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->timestamps();
});B. Migration untuk tabel students
Buat migrasi database dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:migration create_students_tableKemudian tambahkan kode berikut di function up():
Schema::create('students', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('nim')->unique();
$table->string('name');
$table->text('address');
$table->foreignId('major_id')->constrained('majors')->onDelete('cascade');
$table->timestamps();
});C. Migration untuk tabel subjects
Buat migrasi database dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:migration create_subjects_tableKemudian tambahkan kode berikut di function up():
Schema::create('subjects', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->integer('sks');
$table->timestamps();
});D. Migration untuk tabel pivot student_subject
Buat migrasi database dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:migration create_student_subject_tableKemudian tambahkan kode berikut di function up():
Schema::create('student_subject', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('student_id')->constrained('students')->onDelete('cascade');
$table->foreignId('subject_id')->constrained('subjects')->onDelete('cascade');
$table->timestamps();
// Mencegah duplikasi kombinasi student_id dan subject_id
$table->unique(['student_id', 'subject_id']);
});Setelah semua migrasi telah dibuat dan disave, jalankan migrasi database dengan perintah terminal:
php artisan migrateJika berhasil, maka akan seperti berikut:
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2. Membuat Model dengan Relationship
A. Model Major
Buat model dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:model MajorSetelah itu, masukkan kode berikut di model:
<?php
// app/Models/Major.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Major extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
protected $fillable = ['name'];
// Relationship: One Major has many Students
public function students()
{
return $this->hasMany(Student::class);
}
}
B. Model Student
Buat model dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:model StudentSetelah itu, masukkan kode berikut di model:
<?php
// app/Models/Student.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Student extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
protected $fillable = ['nim', 'name', 'address', 'major_id'];
// Relationship: Many Students belong to one Major
public function major()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Major::class);
}
// Relationship: Many Students belong to many Subjects
public function subjects()
{
return $this->>belongsToMany(Subject::class);
}
} C. Model Subject
Buat model dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:model Subject Setelah itu, masukkan kode berikut di model:
<?php
// app/Models/Subject.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Subject extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
protected $fillable = ['name', 'sks'];
// Relationship: Many Subjects belong to many Students
public function students()
{
return $this->>belongsToMany(Student::class);
}
} 3. Seeder untuk Data Sample
A. Seeder untuk Major
Buat seeder dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:seeder MajorSeederSetelah itu, masukkan kode berikut di seeder:
>?php
// database/seeders/MajorSeeder.php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use App\Models\Major;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
class MajorSeeder extends Seeder
{
public function run()
{
$majors = [
['name' => 'Teknik Informatika'],
['name' => 'Sistem Informasi'],
['name' => 'Teknik Komputer'],
['name' => 'Manajemen Informatika'],
];
foreach ($majors as $major) {
Major::create($major);
}
}
} B. Seeder untuk Subject
Buat seeder dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:seeder SubjectSeederSetelah itu, masukkan kode berikut di seeder:
>?php
// database/seeders/SubjectSeeder.php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use App\Models\Subject;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
class SubjectSeeder extends Seeder
{
public function run()
{
$subjects = [
['name' => 'Pemrograman Web', 'sks' => 3],
['name' => 'Database', 'sks' => 3],
['name' => 'Algoritma', 'sks' => 2],
['name' => 'Jaringan Komputer', 'sks' => 3],
['name' => 'Sistem Operasi', 'sks' => 2],
];
foreach ($subjects as $subject) {
Subject::create($subject);
}
}
} C. Seeder untuk Student
Buat seeder dengan menggunakan command berikut di terminal:
php artisan make:seeder StudentSeederSetelah itu, masukkan kode berikut di seeder:
>?php
// database/seeders/StudentSeeder.php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use App\Models\Student;
use App\Models\Major;
use App\Models\Subject;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
class StudentSeeder extends Seeder
{
public function run()
{
$students = [
['nim' => '20210001', 'name' => 'Ahmad Rizki', 'address' => 'Jl. Merdeka No. 1', 'major_id' => 1],
['nim' => '20210002', 'name' => 'Siti Nurhaliza', 'address' => 'Jl. Sudirman No. 15', 'major_id' => 1],
['nim' => '20210003', 'name' => 'Budi Santoso', 'address' => 'Jl. Pahlawan No. 8', 'major_id' => 2],
['nim' => '20210004', 'name' => 'Dewi Kartika', 'address' => 'Jl. Diponegoro No. 22', 'major_id' => 2],
['nim' => '20210005', 'name' => 'Eko Prasetyo', 'address' => 'Jl. Gatot Subroto No. 11', 'major_id' => 3],
];
foreach ($students as $studentData) {
$student = Student::create($studentData);
// Assign random subjects to each student
$subjects = Subject::inRandomOrder()->take(rand(2, 4))->pluck('id');
$student->subjects()->attach($subjects);
}
}
} D. Update DatabaseSeeder
Tambahkan kode berikut di DatabaseSeeder
>?php
// database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
public function run()
{
$this->call([
MajorSeeder::class,
SubjectSeeder::class,
StudentSeeder::class,
]);
}
} Setelah semua seeder dibuat dan di save, jalankan seeder dengan perintah terminal:
php artisan db:seedJika berhasil maka akan seperti berikut:
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4. Membuat Controller
A. StudentController
php artisan make:controller StudentControllerKetik kode berikut di file controller:
>?php
// app/Http/Controllers/StudentController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Student;
use App\Models\Major;
use App\Models\Subject;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
public function index()
{
// Eager loading untuk menghindari N+1 problem
$students = Student::with(['major', 'subjects'])->get();
return view('students.index', compact('students'));
}
public function show($id)
{
$student = Student::with(['major', 'subjects'])->findOrFail($id);
return view('students.show', compact('student'));
}
public function create()
{
$majors = Major::all();
$subjects = Subject::all();
return view('students.create', compact('majors', 'subjects'));
}
public function store(Request $request)
{
$request->validate([
'nim' => 'required|unique:students',
'name' => 'required',
'address' => 'required',
'major_id' => 'required|exists:majors,id',
'subjects' => 'required|array',
'subjects.*' => 'exists:subjects,id',
]);
$student = Student::create($request->only(['nim', 'name', 'address', 'major_id']));
$student->subjects()->attach($request->subjects);
return redirect()->route('students.index')->with('success', 'Student created
successfully');
}
public function edit($id)
{
$student = Student::with('subjects')->findOrFail($id);
$majors = Major::all();
$subjects = Subject::all();
return view('students.edit', compact('student', 'majors', 'subjects'));
}
public function update(Request $request, $id)
{
$student = Student::findOrFail($id);
$request->validate([
'nim' => 'required|unique:students,nim,' . $student->id,
'name' => 'required',
'address' => 'required',
'major_id' => 'required|exists:majors,id',
'subjects' => 'required|array',
'subjects.*' => 'exists:subjects,id',
]);
$student->update($request->only(['nim', 'name', 'address', 'major_id']));
$student->subjects()->sync($request->subjects);
return redirect()->route('students.index')->with('success', 'Student updated
successfully');
}
public function destroy($id)
{
$student = Student::findOrFail($id);
$student->subjects()->detach(); // Remove all subject relationships
$student->delete();
return redirect()->route('students.index')->with('success', 'Student deleted
successfully');
}
} 5. Membuat Routes
Ketik kode berikut di web.php :
>?php
// routes/web.php
use App\Http\Controllers\StudentController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
Route::get('/', function () {
return redirect()->route('students.index');
});
Route::resource('students', StudentController::class);6. Membuat Views
A. Layout utama
{{-- resources/views/layouts/app.blade.php --}}Buat file pada resources/views/layouts/app.blade.php. kodenya adalah seperti berikut:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Student Management System</title>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-primary">
<div class="container">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ route('students.index') }}">Student Management</a>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="container mt-4">
@if(session('success'))
<div class="alert alert-success">
{{ session('success') }}
</div>
@endif
@yield('content')
</div>
<script
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
B. Index Students
Buat file pada resources/views/students/index.blade.php. kodenya adalah seperti berikut:
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center mb-4">
<h2>Daftar Mahasiswa</h2>
<a href="{{ route('students.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary">Tambah Mahasiswa</a>
</div>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>NIM</th>
<th>Nama</th>
<th>Jurusan</th>
<th>Mata Kuliah</th>
<th>Total SKS</th>
<th>Aksi</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach($students as $student)
<tr>
<td>{{ $student->nim }}</td>
<td>{{ $student->name }}</td>
<td>{{ $student->major->name }}</td>
<td>
@foreach($student->subjects as $subject)
<span class="badge bg-secondary me-1">{{ $subject->name }}</span>
@endforeach
</td>
<td>{{ $student->subjects->sum('sks') }}</td>
<td>
<a href="{{ route('students.show', $student->id) }}" class="btn btn-info btn-sm">Detail</a>
<a href="{{ route('students.edit', $student->id) }}" class="btn btn-warning btn-sm">Edit</a>
<form action="{{ route('students.destroy', $student->id) }}" method="POST" class="d-inline">
@csrf
@method('DELETE')
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm"
onclick="return confirm('Yakin ingin menghapus?')">Hapus</button>
</form>
</td>
</tr>
@endforeach
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
@endsection
C. Create Student
{{-- resources/views/students/create.blade.php --}}Buat file pada resources/views/students/create.blade.php. kodenya adalah seperti berikut:
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<h2>Tambah Mahasiswa</h2>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<form action="{{ route('students.store') }}" method="POST">
@csrf
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="nim" class="form-label">NIM</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control @error('nim') is-invalid @enderror"
id="nim" name="nim" value="{{ old('nim') }}">
@error('nim')
<div class="invalid-feedback">{{ $message }}</div>
@enderror
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="name" class="form-label">Nama</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control @error('name') is-invalid @enderror"
id="name" name="name" value="{{ old('name') }}">
@error('name')
<div class="invalid-feedback">{{ $message }}</div>
@enderror
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="address" class="form-label">Alamat</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control @error('address') is-invalid @enderror"
id="address" name="address" value="{{ old('address') }}">
@error('address')
<div class="invalid-feedback">{{ $message }}</div>
@enderror
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="major_id" class="form-label">Jurusan</label>
<select name="major_id" id="major_id" class="form-control @error('major_id') is-invalid @enderror">
<option value="">Pilih Jurusan</option>
@foreach ($majors as $major)
<option value="{{ $major->id }}" {{ old('major_id') == $major->id ? 'selected' : '' }}>
{{ $major->name }}
</option>
@endforeach
</select>
@error('major_id')
<div class="invalid-feedback">{{ $message }}</div>
@enderror
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<label class="form-label">Mata Kuliah</label>
@error('subjects')
<div class="text-danger">{{ $message }}</div>
@enderror
@foreach ($subjects as $subject)
<div class="form-check">
<input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" name="subjects[]"
value="{{ $subject->id }}" id="subject{{ $subject->id }}"
{{ in_array($subject->id, old('subjects', [])) ? 'checked' : '' }}>
<label for="subject{{ $subject->id }}" class="form-check-label">
{{ $subject->name }} ({{ $subject->sks }} SKS)
</label>
</div>
@endforeach
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Simpan</button>
<a href="{{ route('students.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Kembali</a>
</form>
</div>
</div>
@endsection